The prostate is an organ of the man who most often experience the process of enlargement of benign or malignant. By histology, consisting of prostate stroma and epithelium, respectively, either individually or in combination, can develop into hyperplastic nodules and causing typical symptoms.
BPH (benign prostatic hyperplasia) is one of the most common benign tumor in men and age-related events. The prevalence of BPH associated with age and onset is usually after age 40 years, whereby 50% at age 60 years and 90% at the age of 85 years. As many as 50% of patients with histological diagnosis of BPH have symptoms of moderate to severe urinary tract.
The number of men with prostate cancer also increased in the last two decades as a result of the increasing age of the population. Prostate cancer is the third most frequent cause of cancer death in men in the world. Specific cause of onset and progression of prostate cancer is unknown, but genetic and environmental factors play a role in the progression of this disease. As many as 90% of prostate cancers are adenocarcinomas acinar cells and 70% of them occur in peripheral areas.
Prostate enlargement has multifactorial etiology and endocrine factors. Factor associated with elevated levels of prostate enlargement is DHT (dihydrotestosterone) and aging. Observation and clinical studies in men also showed the involvement of the endocrine control of prostate enlargement.
It is known that oxidative stress also plays a role as part of the enlargement of the prostate. Oxidative stress is an imbalance between production of ROS (reactive Oxygen Species) and antioxidant defenses. In the antioxidant enzyme system, SOD plays an important role in maintaining the balance of ROS. SOD catalyze the conversion of superoxide to hydrogen peroxide, while the respiration of the mitochondria produce large amounts of superoxide in cells.
The decrease of Mn-SOD activities have been associated with many types of tumors, among others, that Mn-SOD expression increase can press tumorigenisity from melanoma, breast cancer cells and human glioma cells. Mn-SOD suppression function is also associated with ovarian cancer, lung cancer and prostate cancer.
Numerous studies indicate that Mn-SOD may function as tumor suppressor genes in general, and is an indication for therapeutic applications in the future and that antioxidants play an important role in the prevention of prostate cancer.
A study has also been undertaken to assess oxidative stress status / nitrosatif in prostate cancer and BPH in 312 men (107 prostate cancer patients, 167 BPH patients and 38 control subjects). In this study measured levels of MDA (malondialdehyde) erythrocytes, the activity of CuZn-SOD, glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and erythrocyte catalase, and nitrite / nitrate Plasma.
The results showed that a higher concentration of MDA with the activity of GPX and CuZn-SOD was found lower in patients with prostate cancer than BPH patients and control subjects. Decreased catalase activity in patients with prostate cancer compared with control subjects. Furthermore, patients with prostate cancer has increased nitrite / nitrate plasma than BPH patients and control subjects. This study confirms the role of oxidative stress and changes nitrosatif status in patients with prostate cancer.
Decrease in SOD activity in patients with prostate cancer have also been studied previously in 25 patients with non-metastatic prostate cancer, 36 patients with BPH and 24 healthy men as control subjects in which the activity of GPX and SOD were significantly decreased in cancer patients compared with BPH patients and control subjects. Significantly, increased lipid peroxidation with a decrease in SOD activity and Zn levels in BPH patients than control subjects. This shows the index change along with changes in lipid peroxidation, antioxidant defense system in patients with prostate cancer compared to BPH patients, so researchers have hypothesized that changes pro oxidant-antioxidant balance can lead to increased oxidative damage and consequently may play an important role in prostate carcinogenesis.
BPH (benign prostatic hyperplasia) is one of the most common benign tumor in men and age-related events. The prevalence of BPH associated with age and onset is usually after age 40 years, whereby 50% at age 60 years and 90% at the age of 85 years. As many as 50% of patients with histological diagnosis of BPH have symptoms of moderate to severe urinary tract.
The number of men with prostate cancer also increased in the last two decades as a result of the increasing age of the population. Prostate cancer is the third most frequent cause of cancer death in men in the world. Specific cause of onset and progression of prostate cancer is unknown, but genetic and environmental factors play a role in the progression of this disease. As many as 90% of prostate cancers are adenocarcinomas acinar cells and 70% of them occur in peripheral areas.
Prostate enlargement has multifactorial etiology and endocrine factors. Factor associated with elevated levels of prostate enlargement is DHT (dihydrotestosterone) and aging. Observation and clinical studies in men also showed the involvement of the endocrine control of prostate enlargement.
It is known that oxidative stress also plays a role as part of the enlargement of the prostate. Oxidative stress is an imbalance between production of ROS (reactive Oxygen Species) and antioxidant defenses. In the antioxidant enzyme system, SOD plays an important role in maintaining the balance of ROS. SOD catalyze the conversion of superoxide to hydrogen peroxide, while the respiration of the mitochondria produce large amounts of superoxide in cells.
The decrease of Mn-SOD activities have been associated with many types of tumors, among others, that Mn-SOD expression increase can press tumorigenisity from melanoma, breast cancer cells and human glioma cells. Mn-SOD suppression function is also associated with ovarian cancer, lung cancer and prostate cancer.
Numerous studies indicate that Mn-SOD may function as tumor suppressor genes in general, and is an indication for therapeutic applications in the future and that antioxidants play an important role in the prevention of prostate cancer.
A study has also been undertaken to assess oxidative stress status / nitrosatif in prostate cancer and BPH in 312 men (107 prostate cancer patients, 167 BPH patients and 38 control subjects). In this study measured levels of MDA (malondialdehyde) erythrocytes, the activity of CuZn-SOD, glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and erythrocyte catalase, and nitrite / nitrate Plasma.
The results showed that a higher concentration of MDA with the activity of GPX and CuZn-SOD was found lower in patients with prostate cancer than BPH patients and control subjects. Decreased catalase activity in patients with prostate cancer compared with control subjects. Furthermore, patients with prostate cancer has increased nitrite / nitrate plasma than BPH patients and control subjects. This study confirms the role of oxidative stress and changes nitrosatif status in patients with prostate cancer.
Decrease in SOD activity in patients with prostate cancer have also been studied previously in 25 patients with non-metastatic prostate cancer, 36 patients with BPH and 24 healthy men as control subjects in which the activity of GPX and SOD were significantly decreased in cancer patients compared with BPH patients and control subjects. Significantly, increased lipid peroxidation with a decrease in SOD activity and Zn levels in BPH patients than control subjects. This shows the index change along with changes in lipid peroxidation, antioxidant defense system in patients with prostate cancer compared to BPH patients, so researchers have hypothesized that changes pro oxidant-antioxidant balance can lead to increased oxidative damage and consequently may play an important role in prostate carcinogenesis.
0 comments:
Post a Comment